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WTO Issues
Regional Economic
Cooperation
Developmental
Issues
Call for Publications
WTO Issues
Is Anti-Dumping A
Big Deal? China And Developing Country Exporters Of Textiles And Clothing
This Opinion highlights anti-dumping rules and duties, highlighted by a
change in the rules governing China’s textile and clothing exports on 31
December 2008. The expiration of US and EU quotas on Chinese textile and
clothing exports could put increased competitive pressure on other
producers, leading to more recourse to anti-dumping by developed countries
concerned at the threat to domestic producers. The Opinion raises concerns
about the way in which anti-dumping procedures are carried out. Many
governments take action against ‘dumping’ – the export of products at
prices
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/opinions/120-non-market-economy-anti-dumping-duties-china-textile-exports-trade.pdf
Modeling Services Liberalization : The Case Of Tanzania
This paper employs a 52-sector, small, open-economy computable
general equilibrium model of the Tanzanian economy to assess the impact of
the liberalization of regulatory barriers against foreign and domestic
business service providers in Tanzania. The model incorporates
productivity effects in both goods and services markets endogenously,
through a Dixit-Stiglitz framework. It summarizes policy notes on the key
business service sectors that were prepared for this work, and estimates
the ad valorem equivalent of barriers to foreign direct investment based
on ………
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&piPK=64165421&theSite
K=469382&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000158349_20081228230212
Article XXIV and
RTAs: How Much Wiggle Room for Developing Countries
The issue of ‘WTO Compatibility’ of
regional trade agreements (RTAs) has been intensely debated ever since the
days of the GATT. RTAs are governed by Article XXIV in the GATT. The
Article however does not have a development dimension. This paper argues
for the need to insert strong Special and Differential Treatment clauses
into Article XXIV in order to be legally consistent with GATS V. It also
looks at the ways in which some WTO Members, especially developed
countries, have protected their markets in their RTAs.
http://www.southcentre.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=901&Itemid=1
Doha Resurrection
The Doha Round (and generally the WTO), like the proverbial phoenix, has
risen from the ashes of past failures, and it appears that there would be
more such resurrections before the Round is sealed; the latest being the
call for another round of mini-ministerial in early December at the
recently concluded G-20 summit (dubbed as Bretton Woods II by many) at
Washington. With several OECD countries already in recession and the rest
on the brink, the G-20 communiqué rightly highlighted that free trade
should be encouraged and members should not ………….
http://www.worldtradereview.com/news.asp?pType=N&iType=A&iID=193&siD=14&nID=44680
Developing Country Use of the WTO Dispute Settlement
System: Why it Matters, the Barriers Posed
This chapter examines the barriers posed for smaller and poorer
World Trade Organization (WTO) members to challenge trade barriers under
the WTO’s dispute settlement understanding. It first addresses the
implications of the judicialization of the WTO’s dispute settlement
system. It next examines reasons why participation in the WTO’s dispute
settlement system matters. It then summarizes the results of studies of
the system’s use and, in light of these findings, posits explanations for
smaller developing countries’ lack of engagement.
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1320222
Regional Economic
Cooperation
Expanding Trade Within Africa: The Impact Of Trade Facilitation
This paper examines the impact of trade facilitation on
intra-African trade. The authors examine the role of trade
facilitation reforms, such as increased port efficiency, improved
customs, and regulatory environments, and upgrading services
infrastructure on trade between African countries. They also
consider how regional trade agreements relate to intra-African trade
flows. Using trade data from 2003 to 2004, they find that
improvement in ports and services infrastructure promise relatively
more expansion in intra-African trade than other measures.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piPK=
64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000158349_20081202142713
Changing Faces of International Trade: Multilateralism to
Regionalism
Regional trade agreements are an integral part of international
trade, they operate alongside global multilateral agreements under
the WTO, and they have increased significantly in number and
prominence recently. The interface between regionalism and
multilateralism is complex and evolving. This paper examines why the
countries have preferred regional strategies over the
multilateralism and an assessment has been made as to the systemic
implications of this new interface. The legal solution for trade
regionalism as provided in the law of GATT by virtue of Article XXIV
has been dealt with. International trade development ………
http://www.jiclt.com/index.php/JICLT/article/viewFile/80/65
Economic Integration in North America
Formal analysis of economic synchronization in North America is
scarce. In this document we conduct an econometric exercise to
determine the existence of common movements at short-run and
long-run horizons among the gross domestic products of Canada,
Mexico and the United States. Co integration and common features
tests suggest a significant degree of economic interdependence. In
particular, for the sample period 1980-2006 we identify the
existence of a common trend and two common cycles. Interestingly, we
find that the ……….
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1319394
Small Hubs, Large Spokes and Overlapping Free Trade Agreements
The proliferation of overlapping free trade agreements (FTA) in
recent years has led to pair-wise hub-and-spokes (HAS) throughout
the world. Being avid subscribers to FTAs, many countries in the
Asia-Pacific region, including the United States, Japan, Singapore,
South Korea, Thailand and Australia, have become trade hubs to their
partners who are in turn relegated to spoke status. In this paper,
we question whether being a hub is welfare optimal for a small and
open economy such as Singapore compared to membership …….
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/twec/2008/00000031/00000012/art00005
China And Free Trade: A Failure To Recognize
Externalities
As the current financial crisis deepens and talk of Chinese cooperation in
bailing out the US and world economies becomes a reality, many economists
and policy analysts expect the Obama administration to effectively turn a
blind eye to what have previously been contentious issues in US-China
relations, such as human rights, Tibet, Taiwan and Chinese military
expansion. At the same time, President Bush has been extolling this crisis
as an opportunity to recognize the need for increased free trade. Although
there are those not only on the Chinese side …………
http://www.worldtradereview.com/news.asp?pType=N&iType=C&iID=194&siD=14&nID=44873
Developmental
Issues
Achieving Economic And Social Rights: The Challenge Of Assessing
Compliance
Economic, social and cultural rights were formally recognized within
international law in 1966, enshrined in the International Covenant on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). How can government
compliance with obligations under the ICESCR be assessed? How in practice
can governments be held accountable for such obligations? There are legal
challenges in answering these questions. However, there are also empirical
challenges: often, evidence is simply not sufficient to monitor government
actions effectively. Or not enough attention is paid.
http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/briefing-papers/46-economic-social-rights-compliance-poverty.pdf
Global Food Price Inflation: Implications For South
Asia, Policy Reactions, And Future Challenges
The surge in global commodity prices of the past few years has presented a
tremendous development challenge for South Asian countries. The large loss of
income from the terms of trade shock has worsened macroeconomic balances, fueled
rapid inflation, and hurt growth. Although commodity prices have come down
recently, the benefits are being clouded by the emergence of a severe global
financial crisis. The adverse consequences of the food price hike for the poor
are large; the global financial crisis could further worsen the situation due to
falling economic opportunities and government revenues.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piPK
=64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000158349_20081218084218
Can Maquila Booms Reduce Poverty? Evidence From Honduras
This paper identifies and estimates the strength of the reduction in poverty
linked to improved opportunities for women in the expanding maquila sector. A
simulation exercise shows that, at a given point in time, poverty in Honduras
would have been 1.5 percentage points higher had the maquila sector not existed.
Of this increase in poverty, 0.35 percentage points is attributable to the wage
premium paid to maquila workers, 0.1 percentage points to the wage premium
received by women in the maquila sector, and 1 percentage point to employment
creation.
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piPK=64165421&menuPK=
64166093&entityID=000158349_20081201101316
Paradox and Promise
in the Philippines: A Joint Country Gender Assessment
Country gender assessments analyze gender and development issues to help
governments and stakeholders promote gender equality and empower women. The
report was prepared by a team from the Asian Development Bank, Canadian
International Development Agency, European Commission, United Nations Children's
Fund, United Nations Development Fund for Women, and United Nations Population
Fund, in partnership with the Philippine Government's National Commission on the
Role of Filipino Women. Through a series of regional consultations ………
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Country-Gender-Assessments/phi-2008.asp
Trade Policy, Trade Costs,
And Developing Country Trade
This paper briefly reviews new indices of trade restrictiveness and trade
facilitation that have been developed at the World Bank. The paper also compares
the trade impact of different types of trade restrictions applied at the border
with the effects of domestic policies that affect trade costs. Based on a
gravity regression framework, the analysis suggests that tariffs and non-tariff
measures continue to be a significant source of trade restrictiveness for
low-income countries despite preferential access programs. This is because the
value of trade preferences is quite ……
http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK=64165259&theSitePK=469382&piPK=
64165421&menuPK=64166093&entityID=000158349_20081218090306
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